change who?
governments, commercial organizations and consumers
change what?
resources (capital, labor), good, and services more cheaply
not only an economic phenomenon, but also globalization has political, technological, and cultural dimensions
bad things
The communications and transportation systems that move goods and services can also move drugs and other contraband（イリーガルに国外に持ち出すもの）, and can serve criminals, money*launderers and terrorists as well as bankers, merchants and businessmen. つまりリスクがあるわけですね。
Information that flows across borders can enhance the quality of lives as well as disrupt(中断させる) cherished(大切にする) cultural traditions.
According to Chen and Funke, 政治的リスクとは、その国の政府や、その他の関連する強制力が何らかの投資とそのリターンに対して、脅威となるような行動をとる可能性のことを言うそうです。政治的不安定さの概念に強く関連付けられています。選挙や革命により政府が変わることも含めて。political risk as the risk that arises from the potential actions of governments and/or other influential forces which threaten expected returns on investment. Closely linked to political risk is the concept of political instability which is generally defined as the propensity of an imminent government change, either by constitutional (elections) or unconstitutional means (revolutions）（[Chen and Funke 2007], 3)
政治的リスクの要素の例としては、政府の安定性、内外の紛争、法、汚職、倫理的緊張、官僚組織の品質などがあります。such as government stability, internal and external conflict, law and order, corruption, ethnic tensions, and quality of bureaucracy（[Chen and Funke 2007], 4)
経済制裁の例として、スーパー301を挙げるとアメリカはNECのスーパーコンピュータに454％の関税をかけた。（Antidumping laws and the U.S. economy HF1425 .M37 1998にあのNECの例が載っている）これは、日米貿易摩擦
さらに自国の政治判断がビジネスに影響を与える場合もある。その例として、日本の宇宙の平和利用の原則のため（Aoki 2006, 176)、アメリカにロケットエンジンが売れずに被害を受けたことがある（五代 2006, 56もしくは、Japan-U.S. Space Relations during the 1970s: After the Exchange of Notes TL1499 .S628 2004 & CD-Rom?）。英語化するときの参照（http://www.rips.or.jp/english/publications/policy_perspectives/pp005.html#point04）
[#2]Hummels, David. Transportation Costs and International Trade Over Time, 2007
[#3]Chen, Yu*Fu, and Michael Funke. 2007. Political risk, economic integration, and the foreign direct investment decision. University of Dundee, Economic Studies, 208.
Tomlinson, John. 1999. Globalization and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[#4]Wallerstein, Mitchel B., Mary Ellen Mogee, Roberta A. Schoen, and Inc ebrary. Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1993
Cohen, Stephen D "United States*Japanese Trade Relations." Current History 90, no. 555 (April 1, 1991): 152. http://www.proquest.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/ (accessed November 21, 2008).
Super 301 actによるなんらかのあれが書いてあるかも。
"Strategic Outsourcing" The McKinsey Quarterly
ここに世の中がすべてトラストできる完ぺきなマーケットだったら、自分の得意分野いがいアウトソースすべきだ。でも世の中不完全だ。だから、Make or Buyの戦略的な選択が必要だ。（56）
Instructions to Student Authors
Each student is required to submit a short research paper that discusses the challenges to managers in modern organizations arising out of globalization and the need to operate in a market in which capital, resources, products and even services are available worldwide.
Background: Globalization, loosely speaking, is the ongoing process of increasing interdependence among nations, companies and people. As a result of globalization, governments, commercial organizations and consumers have a broader range of options for obtaining resources and services more readily and at reduced prices. In some cases, goods and services that were not available at all are now easily and cheaply obtainable. In addition to goods and services, capital and labor flow across borders. More than merely an economic phenomenon, globalization has political, technological and cultural dimensions as well.
The advantages that we obtain from globalization come at a price. The communications and transportation systems that move goods and services can also move drugs and other contraband, and can serve criminals, money*launderers and terrorists as well as bankers, merchants and businessmen. Information that flows across borders can enhance the quality of lives as well as disrupt cherished cultural traditions.
There are profound challenges for managers of technical organizations that arise from globalization. These challenges are the subject of this assignment.
Assignment: Each student will write a paper focusing on globalization from the perspective of managers of technical organizations. The paper should explore the advantages and disadvantages for technical organizations operating in a globalized environment. (Note that even when an organization is focused on a limited and local market, it is still directly and indirectly affected by the economic and non*economic results of globalization.). The paper must be in a research paper format, with the body of the paper commencing with a one*page executive summary (an abstract).
The paper should reflect the student's assessment of the challenges and issues related to globalization and describe a program of actions or strategies for reducing the resulting problems and risks. This should be from a corporate manager’s perspective ** not from the perspective of a world bank or a government. A detailed plan of action is not expected. Students are expected to demonstrate that they can identify, at a strategic level, steps that would manage and mitigate the principal risks that organizations incur because of globalization.
The paper should reflect a comprehensive, in*depth understanding of the ideas presented during course lessons and discussions and should demonstrate the student's ability to apply that knowledge. The paper should demonstrate the student has an integrated understanding of the materials and should be supported throughout by current and relevant reference sources. Papers must provide sufficient background and critical analysis to ensure their discussion is clearly understood, while at the same time presenting the author's intended solutions, all of which must be supported by properly referenced citations and appropriate and logical arguments.
Student papers should be at least 2500 words, exclusive of cover page, tables of content or figures, footnotes or endnotes, and bibliography.
Paper focuses on globalization from perspective of managers of technical organizations
Paper explores advantages of operating in globalized environment
Paper explores disadvantages of operating in globalized environment
Paper reflects student’s assessment of challenges related to globalization
Paper reflects student’s assessment of issues associated with globalization
Paper describes a program of actions or strategy for reducing resulting problems/risks
Paper analysis is from corporate manager’s perspective
Paper provides sufficient background
Paper presents student’s intended solutions clearly
Organization Management
Abstract#
ペーパーの準備を進めます。コンテンツとして面白かったら本番環境に移します。Title#
Globalization’s Challenges to Managersこのペーパの目的は？#
メッセージ#
Scope#
Background#
The globalization change the world#
not only an economic phenomenon, but also globalization has political, technological, and cultural dimensions
The communications and transportation systems that move goods and services can also move drugs and other contraband（イリーガルに国外に持ち出すもの）, and can serve criminals, money*launderers and terrorists as well as bankers, merchants and businessmen. つまりリスクがあるわけですね。
Information that flows across borders can enhance the quality of lives as well as disrupt(中断させる) cherished(大切にする) cultural traditions.
Inrto#
Definitions#
Methods#
以下の観点で議論globalizaiton#
Aspects#
Memo#
Referenc#
本採用#
- [#1]Boyson, Sandor, Supply Chain Globalization: The Era of Revitalized Command is Upon Us, 2007
- Department of Defense, Defense Acquisition University (2003) “Risk Management Guide for DoD
Acquisition”, online, http://www.dau.mil/pubs/gdbks/risk_management.asp検討中#
Instructions to Student Authors
Each student is required to submit a short research paper that discusses the challenges to managers in modern organizations arising out of globalization and the need to operate in a market in which capital, resources, products and even services are available worldwide.
Background: Globalization, loosely speaking, is the ongoing process of increasing interdependence among nations, companies and people. As a result of globalization, governments, commercial organizations and consumers have a broader range of options for obtaining resources and services more readily and at reduced prices. In some cases, goods and services that were not available at all are now easily and cheaply obtainable. In addition to goods and services, capital and labor flow across borders. More than merely an economic phenomenon, globalization has political, technological and cultural dimensions as well.
The advantages that we obtain from globalization come at a price. The communications and transportation systems that move goods and services can also move drugs and other contraband, and can serve criminals, money*launderers and terrorists as well as bankers, merchants and businessmen. Information that flows across borders can enhance the quality of lives as well as disrupt cherished cultural traditions.
There are profound challenges for managers of technical organizations that arise from globalization. These challenges are the subject of this assignment.
Assignment: Each student will write a paper focusing on globalization from the perspective of managers of technical organizations. The paper should explore the advantages and disadvantages for technical organizations operating in a globalized environment. (Note that even when an organization is focused on a limited and local market, it is still directly and indirectly affected by the economic and non*economic results of globalization.). The paper must be in a research paper format, with the body of the paper commencing with a one*page executive summary (an abstract).
The paper should reflect the student's assessment of the challenges and issues related to globalization and describe a program of actions or strategies for reducing the resulting problems and risks. This should be from a corporate manager’s perspective ** not from the perspective of a world bank or a government. A detailed plan of action is not expected. Students are expected to demonstrate that they can identify, at a strategic level, steps that would manage and mitigate the principal risks that organizations incur because of globalization.
The paper should reflect a comprehensive, in*depth understanding of the ideas presented during course lessons and discussions and should demonstrate the student's ability to apply that knowledge. The paper should demonstrate the student has an integrated understanding of the materials and should be supported throughout by current and relevant reference sources. Papers must provide sufficient background and critical analysis to ensure their discussion is clearly understood, while at the same time presenting the author's intended solutions, all of which must be supported by properly referenced citations and appropriate and logical arguments.
Student papers should be at least 2500 words, exclusive of cover page, tables of content or figures, footnotes or endnotes, and bibliography.
Paper focuses on globalization from perspective of managers of technical organizations
Paper explores advantages of operating in globalized environment
Paper explores disadvantages of operating in globalized environment
Paper reflects student’s assessment of challenges related to globalization
Paper reflects student’s assessment of issues associated with globalization
Paper describes a program of actions or strategy for reducing resulting problems/risks
Paper analysis is from corporate manager’s perspective
Paper provides sufficient background
Paper presents student’s intended solutions clearly
Word count:
Paper includes cover sheet with AI statement
Style
Grammar
Punctuation
Spelling
Source citation format
http://web2.deskbook.osd.mil/